How to run external PCI-E x1 card with laptop?

the PCIe version and how they can impact the PCIe slot There are essentially four types of

PCIE x16 x8 x4, good enough for GTX 1600 series GPUs under Linux (an RTX 2060 gets 975k PPD in Linux, which is slower than a

x16 slot Convert PCIe x1 slot to open ended Is there a safe way to cut the closed edge? Unfortunately, most manufacturers currently produce only

x16pciexp slot Maybe you have a hair or something else blocking a contact in your PCIe slot Or a bent socket pin Or a defective motherboard Or a defective